A goldenrod of open areas on dry shaley slopes or on limestone bedrock; open areas among shrubby thickets and edge of grasslands over shallow, dry, sandy and rocky soils on limestone; dry post-agricultural successional habitats, usually on alkaline soils; successional fields on clay soils; rocky summit grasslands on alkaline and circum-neutral soils; grassland habitats on dry, clayey, stony soils; woodland edges between calcareous woodlands and successional old fields; and dry shaly hillsides and slopes (New York Natural Heritage Program 2004). Prairies, dry fields and hillsides; may spread along roadsides and railroads (Voss 1996). Prairies and other dry, open places, especially in sandy soil (Gleason and Cronquist 1991). Dry or gravelly open woods, thickets and prairies (Fernald 1970).

Calcareous talus slope woodland An open or closed canopy community that occurs on talus slopes composed of calcareous bedrock such as limestone or dolomite. The soils are usually moist and loamy; there may be numerous rock outcrops. Limestone woodland* A woodland that occurs on shallow soils over limestone bedrock in non-alvar settings, and usually includes numerous rock outcrops. There are usually several codominant trees, although one species may become dominant in any one stand. * probable association but not confirmed Mowed roadside/pathway A narrow strip of mowed vegetation along the side of a road, or a mowed pathway through taller vegetation (e.g., meadows, old fields, woodlands, forests), or along utility right-of-way corridors (e.g., power lines, telephone lines, gas pipelines). The vegetation in these mowed strips and paths may be dominated by grasses, sedges, and rushes; or it may be dominated by forbs, vines, and low shrubs that can tolerate infrequent mowing. Red cedar rocky summit* A community that occurs on warm, dry, rocky ridgetops and summits where the bedrock is calcareous (such as limestone or dolomite, but also marble, amphibolite, and calcsilicate rock), and the soils are more or less calcareous. The vegetation may be sparse or patchy, with numerous lichen covered rock outcrops. * probable association but not confirmed

Rocky summit grassland A grassland community that occurs on rocky summits and exposed rocky slopes of hills. Woody plants are sparse and may be scattered near the margin of the community. Small trees and shrubs may be present at low percent cover. Shale cliff and talus community* A community that occurs on nearly vertical exposures of shale bedrock and includes ledges and small areas of talus. Talus areas are composed of small fragments that are unstable and steeply sloping; the unstable nature of the shale results in uneven slopes and many rock crevices. * probable association but not confirmed Successional old field A meadow dominated by forbs and grasses that occurs on sites that have been cleared and plowed (for farming or development), and then abandoned or only occasionally mowed. Successional shrubland* A shrubland that occurs on sites that have been cleared (for farming, logging, development, etc.) or otherwise disturbed. This community has at least 50% cover of shrubs. * probable association but not confirmed

Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) (Aster sagittifolius) Hay Sedge (Carex argyrantha) Fescue Sedge (Carex brevior) Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) Flat-top Fragrant Goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia) White Ash (Fraxinus americana) Violet Bush-clover (Lespedeza violacea) Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) Talus Slope Beard-tongue (Penstemon digitalis) Slender Mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium) Burr Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina) Native Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) Early Goldenrod (Solidago juncea) Rough-leaf Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa) Yellow Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) American Bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia) American Basswood (Tilia americana var. americana) American Elm (Ulmus americana) Northern Prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)